User:Brian/Bridge/Rebids after opening one of a major

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Without interference
If... then...
Partner responded 2M, 3M, 2NT, or 3NT These responses all show support for your major. See Subsequent bidding after major suit agreement
Partner responded 4M Pass. The 4M response is preemptive and shows 5+ card support with very little strength. This is an instance of the "slow shows, fast denies" principle—if partner actually had a game-forcing hand, they would have made a different response in order to leave room for investigating the possibility of slam.
Partner made a double jump shift This is a splinter. Alert the bid, then see Responding to a splinter.
Partner responded 1♠ to my 1♥ See Opener's rebids following 1/1.
Partner responded 2 of a lower suit and is an unpassed hand See Opener's rebids following 2/1.
Partner responded 2 of a lower suit and is a passed hand See Opener's rebids after non-game-forcing 2/1.
Partner bid 1NT This shows 6 to 12 HCP. Announce "semi-forcing", then see the section below on how to show both strength and distribution with rebids.
Partner responded 4NT This is Blackwood.
Responding to semi-forcing 1NT
If... then...
I have a one-suited hand with 16- total points Rebid your major.
I have a one-suited hand with 17+ total points Jump-rebid your major.
I have a lower 4-card suit with 18- total points Bid your other suit.
I have a lower 4-card suit with 19+ total points Jump-shift into your other suit (i.e., bid it at the 3 level).
I have a higher 4-card suit with 17+ total points Bid your other suit. (This is called a reverse.)
I have a higher 4-card suit with 16- total points Don't bid the other suit, i.e., spades; your partner's 1NT response has already denied 4 spades, and you are not strong enough for a reverse. Instead, keep reading...
I have a balanced hand with 17-18 HCP Respond 2NT, which is an invitation to 3NT.
I have a balanced hand with 19+ HCP Respond 3NT.
I have a balanced hand with minimum opening strength (12 to 14 HCP) Pass. Your partner has 12- HCP, so you most likely don't have a game... so stopping in 1NT isn't the worst thing you can do.
Otherwise (intermediate strength with no lower 4-card suit) Bid a lower 3-card suit. (Yes, bidding a 3-card suit sucks. Opening 1NT with 5332 and 5422 distributions is a great way to reduce the number of situations where you have to do this. 5431 distributions with 5 hearts and 4 spades remain problematic, but that's the price to pay for playing a 2/1 system.)